Australia: Internal Migration
For a variety of reasons people move within nations and between nations. Internal migration occurs when people move within their homeland for economic or lifestyle related reasons. International migration involves both forced movement and voluntary movement of people to another country.
Nearly 1 in 4 Australians was born overseas and indicates that many people are migrating to Australia, particularly since the end of World War II. Internal migration occurs when people move to other places within their own country. Queensland in recent times has been a prime region or destination of internal migration movements in Australia. Figure 1 shows that Queensland holds the top 2 destinations for internal migration in Australia. |
Figure 1: Top 5 largest growing regional areas.
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Economic Migration
Figure 2: Kalgourlie offers many employment opportunities in the mining industry, Western Australia
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The reasons for internal migration within Australia are varied. In many cases, employment opportunities encourage people to move to particular locations. For example, Australia’s mining boom has encouraged many Australians to move to more remote areas where wages a higher in mining industry. Economic migration can bring about major changes to communities. When these migrations are rapid, many of the services offered in small communities are overwhelmed. For example, important infrastructure such as roads, utilities like water and electricity supply, schools and hospitals and a range of other community services are quickly overstretched as they struggle to deal with the influx of people. Rapid migration does however bring more economic activity to small communities where population grows rapidly. For example, it is not uncommon for small communities to experience significant increases in property valuations.
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Lifestyle Migration
Retirees and those who choose to move out of the city for lifestyle reasons are another group of internal migrants. Additionally, some people choose to move to be closer to family members. In many rural areas, citizens find themselves wanting to move to urban regions for access to better services and other opportunities.
The tree and seachange is a phenomenon that has occurred in Australia in the last 15 to 20 years as people move away from cities to rural or coastal areas. The term counter-urbanisation is used to describe the process of people moving away from city regions into rural regions. For example, many people have moved from Canberra to the south coast of New South Wales for reasons such as being closer to the coast, a more temperate climate or to set up rural homesteads in retirement years.
The tree and seachange is a phenomenon that has occurred in Australia in the last 15 to 20 years as people move away from cities to rural or coastal areas. The term counter-urbanisation is used to describe the process of people moving away from city regions into rural regions. For example, many people have moved from Canberra to the south coast of New South Wales for reasons such as being closer to the coast, a more temperate climate or to set up rural homesteads in retirement years.
Reasons why Australians move
The majority of people move for economic reasons and concentrate in and around Australia's largest cities. The table below offers a comprehensive list of why Australians are on the move.
Economic |
Lifestyle |
Environmental |
Cultural |
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Australia Wide MigrationThe majority of migration in Australia occurs to around major Australian cities. The reason for this is that Australians try to create a balanced lifestyle that suits their interests and needs. The development of the Internet and working from home arrangements have encouraged more Australians to live outside major Australian cities while still enjoying the ability to access the services available in them. There are exceptions to this rule such as the fly in fly out working arrangements in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Figure 3 shows the location of hotspots for internal migration destinations. Most are located outside of , but close to, Australian cities.
Figure 4: Internal Migration in 2021
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Figure 3: Internal Migration Hotspots (map is a link)
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Reasons for Internal Migration in Australia
Migration Labour in Australia.
So… you got to the end of year 12 and have decided to take a gap year before commencing university. You have decided that you want to see much of our country and have chosen to travel around the country following the harvest seasons to gain short term employment to pay for your travel. This might include seasonal work like picking fruit, working on a fishing boat, at a marina in the Whitsunday Islands or finishing a season in the ski fields.
Your task is to plan and design a one year working holiday adventure in Australia. You’ll present your plan by constructing your tour through ‘Google Mymaps’. A tutorial on how to use the program can be found to the below this text. You should include photos of your destination and any other relevant graphics that will help explain your tour.
Planing a gap year after Year 12 in which you live the life of a working adventurer will be a challenge. That, of course means, you will need a campervan! Your budget is $15,000. You can buy one here.
From your starting point (your home), include a picture of the van and explain why you bought that one
In your google tour, you will place pins at each location you visit. Deciding on where to go and when to go will require you to be very organised with your planning. Start by viewing all of the links below to help make these decisions. The Google Mymaps program allows you to add text. In the text box, you are to record the following information:
In your google tour, you will place pins at each location you visit. Deciding on where to go and when to go will require you to be very organised with your planning. Start by viewing all of the links below to help make these decisions. The Google Mymaps program allows you to add text. In the text box, you are to record the following information:
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Most Importantly, report on the following likely observations on your trip in the text box within the program:
Once you have finished, you are to show your tour to your teacher. |
Some Resources to help you address the questions above:
http://www.outback-australia-travel-secrets.com/fruit-picking-australia.html
http://www.outback-australia-travel-secrets.com/fruit-picking-australia.html